Windows Development Environment

Windows

VS Code

PowerToys

Snipaste

PicGo

WSL2

TeX Live

Windows Subsystem for Linux

Shell

zsh

将zsh作为默认的 Shell 环境 chsh -s $(which zsh)

插件

• oh-my-zsh
• powerlevel10k
• zsh-syntax-highlighting
• zsh-autosuggestions
• zsh-history-substring-search
• z
• sudo
• extract
• docker

配置与 GitHub 连接的 SSH 密钥

• 在 WSL 下生成 SSH 公钥 — 私钥对（将邮箱替换为你的邮箱），此时生成的 SSH 密钥默认位于 ~/.ssh 路径下，公钥为 id_rsa.pub，私钥为 id_rsa：

  $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "email@ex.com"

• 打开 ssh-agent 使之在后台运行：

  $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

• 将私钥添加到 ssh-agent 之中：

  $ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

• 查看公钥并将之复制到剪贴板：

  # 查看公钥内容
  $ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
   
  # 将公钥复制到剪贴板
  $ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | clip.exe

• 将复制好的公钥添加到 GitHub 账户密钥里面：Adding a new SSH key to your GitHub account - GitHub Help.

• 通过命令 ssh -T git@github.com 来测试是否能够登录成功。

配置代理

在 ~/.zshrc 或你使用的 Shell 的配置文件中添加内容，实现自动化配置代理：

# Fetch Windows ip address inside WSL environment
WINDOWS_IP=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $3}')
PROXY_HTTP="http://${WINDOWS_IP}:7890"
PROXY_SOCKS5="${WINDOWS_IP}:7890"
 
# Git & SSH for Git proxy
proxy_git () {
  git config --global http.https://github.com.proxy ${PROXY_HTTP}
  if ! grep -qF "Host github.com" ~/.ssh/config ; then
    echo "Host github.com" >> ~/.ssh/config
    echo "  User git" >> ~/.ssh/config
    echo "  ProxyCommand nc -X 5 -x ${PROXY_SOCKS5} %h %p" >> ~/.ssh/config
  else
    lino=$(($(awk '/Host github.com/{print NR}'  ~/.ssh/config)+2))
    sed -i "${lino}c\  ProxyCommand nc -X 5 -x ${PROXY_SOCKS5} %h %p" ~/.ssh/config
  fi
}
 
# Set proxy
set_proxy () {
  export http_proxy="${PROXY_HTTP}"
  export https_proxy="${PROXY_HTTP}"
  proxy_git
}
 
# Unset proxy
unset_proxy () {
  unset http_proxy
  unset https_proxy
  git config --global --unset http.https://github.com.proxy
}
 
# Set alias
alias proxy=set_proxy
alias deproxy=unset_proxy

其中：

• 第一行 WINDOWS_IP=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $3}') 让我们使用 WSL 2 时可以自动获取最新的 WSL IP 地址，WSL 1 可以直接将 WINDOWS_IP 设置为 127.0.0.1；
• 之后的 PROXY_HTTP 和 PROXY_SOCKS5 分别是我们代理的 HTTP 协议地址和 SOCKS5 地址；
• 函数 proxy_git() 让我们直接设置 Git 自己的代理和 ssh 登录 GitHub 的代理；
• 后续的 set_proxy() 和 unset_proxy() 就分别是设定 Git 代理和环境变量，以及取消 Git 代理、删除环境变量；

v2ray

查看宿主机IP和端口，使用命令：ip route | grep default | awk '{print $3}，在v2ray主界面可以看到http代理端口。

export hostip=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $3}')
export hostport=10809
alias proxy='
    export https_proxy="http://${hostip}:${hostport}";
    export http_proxy="http://${hostip}:${hostport}";
    export all_proxy="http://${hostip}:${hostport}";
    git config --global http.proxy "http://${hostip}:${hostport}"
    git config --global https.proxy "http://${hostip}:${hostport}"
    echo -e "Acquire::http::Proxy \"http://${hostip}:${hostport}\";" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf > /dev/null;
    echo -e "Acquire::https::Proxy \"http://${hostip}:${hostport}\";" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf > /dev/null;
'
alias deproxy='
    unset https_proxy;
    unset http_proxy;
    unset all_proxy;
    git config --global --unset http.proxy
    git config --global --unset https.proxy
    sudo sed -i -e '/Acquire::http::Proxy/d' /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf;
    sudo sed -i -e '/Acquire::https::Proxy/d' /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf;
'

使用命令 proxy 和 deproxy 即可开关代理。

VS Code

个性化

字体

• Fira Code
• FiraCode Nerd Font Mono
• JetBrains Mono

主题

• GitHub Theme
• Material Icon Theme
• Dracula Refined
• Everforest
• Dracula

插件

• LeetCode
• Vim
• Code Runner
• C/C++ (Pre-Release Version)
• CMake
• CMake Tools (Pre-Release Version)
• WSL
• Error Lens
• CodeLLDB

VS Code JSON

// settings.json
{
    "editor.fontFamily": "'Fira Code Retina', 'Cascadia Mono', '思源宋体'",
    "terminal.integrated.fontFamily": "'FiraCode Nerd Font Mono'"
    "workbench.colorTheme": "GitHub Light",
    "workbench.iconTheme": "material-icon-theme",
    "vim.useSystemClipboard": true,
    "vim.sneak": true,
    "vim.camelCaseMotion.enable": true,
    "vim.easymotion": true,
    "vim.highlightedyank.enable": true,
    "vim.hlsearch": true,
    "vim.handleKeys": {
        "<C-c>": false,
        "<C-z>": false,
        "<C-y>": false,
        "<C-x>": false,
        "<C-v>": false,
    },
    "vim.replaceWithRegister": true,
    "vim.smartRelativeLine": true,
    "vim.sneakUseIgnorecaseAndSmartcase": true,
    "vim.targets.enable": true,
    "vim.visualstar": true,
}

// keybindings.json
[
    {
        "key": "alt+j",
        "command": "selectNextSuggestion",
        "when": "suggestWidgetMultipleSuggestions && suggestWidgetVisible && textInputFocus || suggestWidgetVisible && textInputFocus && !suggestWidgetHasFocusedSuggestion"
    },
    {
        "key": "alt+k",
        "command": "selectPrevSuggestion",
        "when": "suggestWidgetMultipleSuggestions && suggestWidgetVisible && textInputFocus || suggestWidgetVisible && textInputFocus && !suggestWidgetHasFocusedSuggestion"
    }
]

Vim Shortcuts

A Good Tutorial Video: Youtube, Bilibili

n stands for NORMAL mode, i stands for INSERT mode, v stands for VISUAL mode.

Open and Close Files

Mode	Shortcut	Description
n	:w	Write(save) current buffer
n	:q	Close current buffer (would fail if you don't save first)
n	:wq	Save and close current buffer
n	:q!	Exit current buffer without saving
n	:qa!	Exit all open buffers without saving
n	:wqa	Save and exit all open buffers

Navigation

Mode	Shortcut	Description
n, v	h	Move left
n, v	j	Move down
n, v	k	Move up
n, v	l	Move right
n, v	w	One word forward
n, v	b	One word backward
n, v	^	Beginning of line
n, v	$	End of line
n, v	gg	Beginning of file
n, v	G	End of file
n, v	{	One paragraph backward
n, v	}	One paragraph forward
n, v	f + [char]	Move to next occurence of [char] in current line (Covered in Part 2 video)
n, v	F + [char]	Move to prev occurence of [char] in current line (Covered in Part 2 video)
n, v	Ctrl+u	Move Up half a Page (Covered in Part 2 video)
n, v	Ctrl+d	Move Down half a Page (Covered in Part 2 video)
n, v	Ctrl+b	Move Up a Full Page (Covered in Part 2 video)
n, v	Ctrl+f	Move Down a Full Page (Covered in Part 2 video)
n	:[num-of-line] + Enter	Go to a specific line
n, v	/[search-item] + Enter + n	Find pattern and go to next match

Enter INSERT Mode from NORMAL Mode

Mode	Shortcut	Description
n	i	Insert before cursor
n	a	Append after cursor
n	I	Insert at the beginning of the line
n	A	Append at the end of the line
n	o	Insert to next line
n	O	Insert to previous line
n	c + [Navigation]	Delete from before the cursor to [Navigation] and insert. Examples are as follow
n	c + w	Delete from before the cursor to end of current word and insert
n	c + i + w	Delete current word and insert
n	c + $	Delete from before the cursor to end of the line and insert
i	<Esc>	Go back to Normal Mode, remap to jk recommended

Enter INSERT Mode from NORMAL Mode

Mode	Shortcut	Description
n	i	Insert before cursor
n	a	Append after cursor
n	I	Insert at the beginning of the line
n	A	Append at the end of the line
n	o	Insert to next line
n	O	Insert to previous line
n	c + [Navigation]	Delete from before the cursor to [Navigation] and insert. Examples are as follow
n	c + w	Delete from before the cursor to end of current word and insert
n	c + i + w	Delete current word and insert
n	c + $	Delete from before the cursor to end of the line and insert
i	<Esc>	Go back to Normal Mode, remap to jk recommended

Edit in NORMAL Mode

Mode	Shortcut	Description
n	dd	Delete(cut) current line
n	d + [Number] + d Or [Number] + dd	Delete(cut) following [Number] of lines
n	d + [Navigation]	Delete(cut) from before the cursor to [Navigation], similar to c + [Navigation] above
n	yy	Yank(copy) current line
n	y + [Number] + y Or [number] + yy	Yank(copy) following [Number] of lines
n	y + [Navigation]	Yank(copy) from before the cursor to [Navigation], similar to c + [Navigation] above
n	p	Paste from what you delete or yank
n	x	Delete(cut) the character under the cursor
n	u	Undo changes
n	Ctrl+r	Redo changes
n	:%s/[foo]/[bar]/g	Find each occurrence of [foo] (in all lines), and replace it with [bar]. More substitute commands here.

VISUAL mode shortcuts

Mode	Shortcut	Description
n	v	Enter Visual Character Mode
n	V	Enter Visual Line Mode
V-Line	>; <	Increase Indent; Decrease Indent
n	Ctrl+v	Enter Visual Block Mode
v	<Esc>	Exit Visual Mode, remap to jk recommended

Vim settings under VSCode

1. Press Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+p in VSCode
2. Find Preferences: Open User Settings (JSON), open settings.json
3. Configure the file, all options are here

VScode Vim

Edit in NORMAL

Package	Shortcut	Description	Remap Needed?
Vim	gb	Mutlicursor operation
VScode	Ctrl+n	Rename all the pattern that is under the cursor	keybindings.json
Vim Commentary	gcc / gc5j	Toggle comment on this line / next 5 line(not including current line)
EasyMotion	<leader><leader>s+[char]	Quick navigation to [char] on the screen(more motion on doc)
Vim-surround	ys[motion][symbol], ysiw)	Yank [symbol] around [motion], the example means surround the word under the cursor with ()
Vim-surround	cs[symbol][newsymbol]	Change [symbol] to [newsymbol] when your cursor is within the [symbol]
Vim Sneak	<operator>z<char><char>	Do [operator] until the next occurence of <char><char>
Vim Sneak	3dzqt	An example: Delete everything until the next 3rd occurence of qt

Tab, File and Window Navigation

Package	Shortcut	Description	Remap Needed?
VSCode	ctrl + d	Toggle peek definition	keybindings.json
Vim	gd	Go to Definition
Vim	gh	Hover doc
VScode	cmd/ctrl+p	Search file by name and open
Vim	tp, tn, tf, tl	In the current editor group: prev tab, next tab, first tab, last tab	settings.json
VScode	ctrl+z	Switch focus between editor and terminal	keybindings.json
VScode	cmd/ctrl+j	Hide Terminal
VScode	cmd/ctrl+b	Toggle File explorer

Editor Group Navigation

Package	Shortcut	Description	Remap Needed?
VSCode	ctrl + \	Split Editor	keybindings.json
VSCode	ctrl + h/l	Move to left/right editor group	keybindings.json
VSCode	cmd/ctrl + k + w	Close all tabs in active editor group

For the emulated Vim plugins, some of them need to turn them on in settings.json as well, refer to the doc to see if that is required.

// settings.json
{
  "vim.useCtrlKeys": true,
  "vim.handleKeys": {
      "<C-c>": false,
      "<C-z>": false,
      "<C-x>": false,
      "<C-v>": false,
      "<C-f>": false,
      "<C-y>": false,
  },
  "vim.useSystemClipboard": true,
  "vim.insertModeKeyBindings": [
    {
      "before": ["i", "i"],
      "after": ["<Esc>"]
    }
  ],
  "vim.visualModeKeyBindings": [
    {
      "before": ["i", "i"],
      "after": ["<Esc>"]
    }
  ],
  "vim.normalModeKeyBindings": [
    {
      "before": ["<leader>", "t", "n"],
      "commands": [":tabnext"]
    },
    {
      "before": ["<leader>", "t", "p"],
      "commands": [":tabprev"]
    },
    {
      "before": ["<leader>", "t", "f"],
      "commands": [":tabfirst"]
    },
    {
      "before": ["<leader>", "t", "l"],
      "commands": [":tablast"]
    }
  ],
  "vim.ignorecase": false,
  "vim.leader": " ",
  "vim.easymotion": true,
  "vim.sneak": true,
  "vim.surround": true,
  "vim.statusBarColorControl": true,
  "vim.statusBarColors": {
    "normal": "#005f5f",
    "insert": "#5f0000",
    "visual": "#5f00af",
    "visualline": "#005f87",
    "visualblock": "#86592d",
    "replace": "#000000"
  },
  "workbench.colorCustomizations": {
    "statusBar.background": "#5f0000",
    "statusBar.noFolderBackground": "#5f0000",
    "statusBar.debuggingBackground": "#5f0000"
  }
}
 

// keybindings.json
[
  { "key": "ctrl+d", "command": "editor.action.peekDefinition" },
  {
    "key": "ctrl+d",
    "command": "editor.closeTestPeek",
    "when": "testing.isInPeek && !config.editor.stablePeek || testing.isPeekVisible && !config.editor.stablePeek"
  },
  { "key": "ctrl+n", "command": "editor.action.rename" },
  { "key": "ctrl+z", "command": "workbench.action.terminal.focus" },
  {
    "key": "ctrl+z",
    "command": "workbench.action.focusActiveEditorGroup",
    "when": "terminalFocus"
  },
  { "key": "ctrl+m", "command": "workbench.action.toggleEditorWidths" },
  { "key": "ctrl+\\", "command": "workbench.action.splitEditor" },
  { "key": "ctrl+h", "command": "workbench.action.navigateLeft" },
  { "key": "ctrl+l", "command": "workbench.action.navigateRight" },
  { "key": "ctrl+w", "command": "workbench.action.closeEditorsAndGroup" }
]